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2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(2): e16-e20, fev. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667964

ABSTRACT

MSM, homem, 69 anos, procurou atendimento médico por dor em dorso esquerdo e membro inferior direito. A radiografia de tórax revelou alargamento do mediastino. Estava em observação quando apresentou rebaixamento da consciência e choque. Foi observado enfisema subcutâneo em hemitórax esquerdo e abolição do murmúrio vesicular em base do mesmo pulmão. Foi feita a intubação orotraqueal e realizada drenagem de hemitórax esquerdo, com saída de líquido serossanguinolento. O ecocardiograma revelou ventrículo esquerdo (D/S): 44/29 mm; septo 12 mm; parede posterior 13 mm; discreta dilatação em raiz da aorta, presença de lâmina de dissecção e hematoma periaórtico. As valvas e pericárdio eram normais. O paciente foi transferido para o InCor. O exame físico (21 out 2004: 10h45) revelou paciente sedado, com intubação orotraqueal, com palidez cutânea, frequência cardíaca 90 bpm, pressão arterial 130 x 80 mmHg, drenagem torácica sanguinolenta do dreno tórax. Eletrocardiograma - frequência 90 bpm, ritmo sinusal, baixa voltagem no plano frontal e diminuição de voltagem em derivações esquerdas (fig. 1). A tomografia revelou enfisema subcutâneo bilateral, aorta torácica com contornos imprecisos na sua porção descendente (da artéria subclávia até porção média), colapso do pulmão esquerdo e grande coleção de características hemáticas em mesmo hemitórax e no mediastino médio e posterior. Pequeno pneumotórax à direita; pequeno derrame pleural à direita com alterações do parênquima subjacente. A análise do coração foi prejudicada pela presença do hemotórax. Durante a realização de tomografia apresentou ausência de pulsos, midríase, com assistolia, sem resposta às manobras de ressuscitação e faleceu (21 out 2011; 15h).


The patient, MSM, a 69-year-old man, sought medical care due to left dorsal and right lower limb pain. The chest x-ray showed mediastinal enlargement. He was undergoing examination when he lost consciousness and went into shock. Subcutaneous emphysema was observed in the left hemithorax, as well as abolition of breath sounds at auscultation. Tracheal intubation was performed with draining of blood-tinged fluid from the left hemithorax. Echocardiography showed left ventricle with 44/29 mm; septum, 12 mm; posterior wall, 13 mm; mild aortic root dilation, dissection of the lamina and periaortic hematoma. The valves and pericardium were normal. The patient was transferred to Instituto do Coraçao - InCor. Physical examination (21 Oct 2004: 10:45) showed that the patient was sedated with tracheal intubation, pale, heart rate at 90 bpm, blood pressure 130 x 80 mmHg, bloody drainage in the chest tube. Electrocardiogram - frequency 90 bpm, sinus rhythm, low voltage in the frontal plane and decreased voltage in left leads (Fig. 1). Computed tomography showed bilateral subcutaneous emphysema, thoracic aorta with inaccurate borders in its descending portion (from the subclavian artery to the middle portion), collapsed left lung and extensive collection of hematic characteristics in same hemithorax and middle and posterior mediastinum. Small right pneumothorax; small right pleural effusion with underlying parenchymal alterations. The analysis of the heart was impaired by the presence of hemothorax. While undergoing computed tomography, the patient showed no pulse, mydriasis, with asystole unresponsive to resuscitation and died (21 Oct 2011; 15:00 h).


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications , Aortic Coarctation/complications , Shock/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aortic Coarctation/pathology , Back Pain/etiology , Chest Pain/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Hemothorax/etiology , Hemothorax/pathology , Lower Extremity
3.
Radiol. bras ; 45(5): 251-258, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653649

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados do tratamento de uma série consecutiva de pacientes submetidos a tratamento endovascular de doenças da aorta torácica. Foram observados o sucesso técnico, o sucesso terapêutico, a morbimortalidade e a taxa de complicações perioperatórias e de reintervenções. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em um centro de referência, no período de janeiro de 2010 a julho de 2011, em que foram analisados pacientes submetidos a correção endovascular de doenças da aorta torácica. A população foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo 1 (G1) - aneurismas de aorta torácica verdadeiros, úlcera aórtica e pseudoaneurisma; grupo 2 (G2) - dissecção aórtica tipo B crônica. RESULTADOS: Em um total de 55 pacientes tratados, 29 pertenciam ao G1 e 26, ao G2. As idades médias foram 66,8 ± 10 e 56,4 ± 7 anos, respectivamente. Os sucessos técnico e terapêutico foram, respectivamente, 86,3% e 68,6% no G1 e 100% e 74% no G2. A mortalidade perioperatória foi 10,3% no G1 e 7,6% no G2, com taxa de mortalidade anual de 10,3% no G1 e de 19,3% no G2. As taxas de reintervenções foram 10,3% e 15,3%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso estudo, o tratamento endovascular das doenças da aorta torácica demonstrou ser um método viável e associado a aceitáveis taxas de complicações.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze treatment outcomes in a consecutive series of patients submitted to endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease. Technical success, therapeutic success, morbimortality, rate of perioperative complications and reinterventions were taken into consideration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study was developed in a reference center in the period from January 2010 to July 2011, involving patients submitted to endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease. The study population was divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) - true thoracic aortic aneurysms, aortic ulcer and pseudoaneurysm; group 2 (G2) - chronic type B aortic dissection. RESULTS: Out of a total of 55 patients, 29 belonged to the G1 and 26 to the G2 group. Mean ages were 66.8 ± 10 and 56.4 ± 7 years, respectively. The technical and therapeutic success reached respectively 86.3% and 68.6% in G1 and 100% and 74% in G2. The perioperative mortality rate was 10.3% in G1 and 19.3% in G2. The reintervention rate was 10.3% in G1 and 15.3% in G2. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic disease proved to be a feasible method associated with acceptable rate of complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aortic Dissection , Aortic Rupture , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/prevention & control , Angiography , Blood Vessel Prosthesis , Endovascular Procedures/statistics & numerical data
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(4): 1331-1334, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627011

ABSTRACT

El hematoma disecante de aorta (HDA) se define como la disección de la pared aórtica por la sangre, con formación de una nueva luz. Es la patología letal de la aorta más frecuentemente diagnosticada y ocurre con una frecuencia tres veces mayor que la rotura del aneurisma de la aorta abdominal. Nuestro objetivo es presentar siete casos de HDA observados en autopsias, describir los hallazgos anatomopatológicos y comentar la literatura. Los casos estudiados corresponden al Servicio de Patología del Instituto de Medicina Forense de Córdoba, Argentina. Los tejidos fueron fijados en formol al 10 por ciento, incluidos en parafina y coloreados con hematoxilina-eosina, tricrómico de Masson y PAS (Peryodic Acid Schiff). De los siete casos presentados cuatro correspondieron a mujeres (57,1 por ciento) y tres a hombres (42,8 por ciento). Todos los casos estudiados tenían antecedentes de hipertensión arterial. La evolución posible de la disección aórtica incluye: rotura de la adventicia con hemorragia masiva y muerte, comunicación nuevamente con la luz aórtica, propagación al ostium coronario, isquemia de órganos y la formación de un aneurisma.


Dissecting aortic hematoma (DAH) is defined as the dissection of the aortic wall by the blood, with formation of a new light. It is the deadliest disease of the aorta and occurs more frequently diagnosed at a rate three times greater than the ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Our goal is to present seven cases of DAH observed in autopsies, describe the autopsy findings and comment on the literature. All cases studied belong to the Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine of Cordoba, Argentina. The tissues were fixed in 10 percent formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome and PAS (Peryodic Acid Schiff). Of all the cases studied, four were women (57.1 percent) and three men (42.8 percent). All had a history of hypertension. Evolution of aortic dissection may include: failure of the adventitia with massive hemorrhage and death, again communication with the aortic lumen, spread the coronary ostium, organ ischemia and aneurysm formation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aortic Dissection/pathology , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Hematoma/pathology , Autopsy , Hypertension
5.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 26(1): 107-115, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-624499

ABSTRACT

Cystic medial necrosis (CMN) is a disorder of large arteries, in particular the aorta, characterized by an accumulation of basophilic ground substance in the media with cyst-like lesions. CMN is known to occur in certain connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and annuloaortic ectasia, which usually result from degenerative changes in the aortic wall. The relationships between CMN and congenital heart defects as well as other disorders have been evidenced. The mechanisms are still controversial, even though many molecular studies have been conducted. The aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the CMN lesion in terms of pathologic features, clinical implications and etiologies based on molecular research results.


A necrose cística da média (NCM) é uma desordem das grandes artérias, em particular a aorta, caracterizada por acúmulo de substância basofílica na camada média com lesões císticas-símile. É sabido que a NCM ocorre em certas doenças do tecido conjuntivo tal como síndrome de Marfan, síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, e ectasia ânulo-aórtica, que normalmente resulta de mudanças degenerativas na parede aórtica. A relação entre NCM e defeitos congênitos do coração, assim como outras desordens, tem sido evidenciada. Os mecanismos são ainda controversos, embora muitos estudos moleculares tenham sido conduzidos. O objetivo do presente artigo é fornecer uma visão geral da NCM em termos de características patológicas, implicações clínicas e etiologia baseada em resultados de pesquisa molecular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic , Cysts , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Cysts/complications , Cysts/genetics , Cysts/pathology
7.
Journal of Tehran University Heart Center [The]. 2008; 3 (3): 131-140
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-143369

ABSTRACT

Over the last 50 years, significant progress has been made in the surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms [TAAA]. Improvements in perioperative care and surgical techniques have resulted in reductions in complication and mortality rates. Adjunctive use of distal aortic perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid drainage has been especially helpful, reducing the incidence of neurological deficits to 2.4%. Current research is aimed at improving organ preservation. This review focuses on the current diagnosis and management of TAAA


Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Treatment Outcome , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Surgical Procedures, Operative
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